Enough Go

I am learning Go. Current latest version is 1.16 as of 2021 March. Went though A Tour of Go.

Download and Install Go or by Homebrew:

$ brew install go

Use Visual Studio Code and follow Go for Visual Studio Code.

doc

$ go get golang.org/x/tools/cmd/godoc

Run this in your package

godoc -http :8000

You will see all Go package documents and YOURS.

Workspace is just a folder for Go to store your executables (bin), packages (pkg), packages from source controls (src), defaults under $HOME/go/.

Write Go program -> gofmt -> go build -> Run executable.

A go program.

// main.go
import (
  "fmt"
)

package main

func main() {
  fmt.Println("Hello, Go")
}


bool

string

int  int8  int16  int32  int64
uint uint8 uint16 uint32 uint64 uintptr

byte // alias for uint8

rune // alias for int32
     // represents a Unicode code point

float32 float64

complex64 complex128

u means unsigned.

When it is over the range, it circles back. uint8 0-255, 256 -> 0.

float32 uses less memory but if you need high precision, use float64

Init values (or zero value):

package main

import (
  "fmt"
)

func main() {
  var i int
  var f float64
  var b bool
  var s string
  fmt.Printf("%v %v %v %q\n", i, f, b, s)
}

// => 0 0 false ""


package main

import (
  "fmt"
  "math"
)

func main() {
  var x, y int = 3, 4
  var f float64 = math.Sqrt(float64(x*x + y*y))
  var z uint = uint(f)
  fmt.Println(x, y, z)
}


"Hello, Go"
Newline => "\n"
String literal => `\n`  // (multiline is ok for `...` string)

// The following are the same .Codepoint of 128518 is 😆.
emoji := 128518
easier := '😆'


func(x int, y int)
func(x, y int)

func fib(n int16) int64 {
  if n == 0 {
    return 0
  } else if n == 1 {
    return 1
  } else {
    return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2)
  }
}

Return values can be named

func split(sum int) (x, y int) {
  x = sum * 2
  y = sum - x
  return
}

split(10)


package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
  for i := 10; i > 0; i-- {
    fmt.Println(i)
  }
}

Go has no while, do, until to implement "while loop". Here is how to make a while loop using for:

// Loop forever
for {

}

Condition not surrounded by parens:

if num := rand.Intn(3); num == 0 {
  fmt.Println("0")
} else if num == 1 {
  fmt.Println("1")
} else {
  fmt.Println("2")
}

can use break to exit early.

switch num := rand.Intn(10); num {
case 0:
  fmt.Println("0")
case 1:
  fmt.Println("1")
case 2:
  fmt.Println("2")
default:
  fmt.Println("> 2", num)
}

Delay execution of a function. Use in situations like Unlock Mutex, close reading a stream of content.

var c, python, java bool
var i, j int = 1, 2
const hoursPerDay = 24 // this is a constant
var identifier type = value
var weight float64 = 55.5
var checkedOut bool = false

:= is shorthand for var x = ...

var identifier type = value
type := value

Source

package juanito

const firstName = "Juanito"

func main() {
  return juanito.firstName
}

Source

Constant cannot be declared by shorthand (:=).

var age = 30

// shorthand
age := 30


import("fmt")

fmt.Print
fmt.Println

Build and Run:

go build file.log
./file


package main

import (
  "fmt"
  "math/rand"
)

func main() {
  fmt.Println("My favorite number is", rand.Intn(10))
}

Pointer is memory address of value.

var p *int

*int is a pointer to a int value.

age := 42
pointer_age = &age

Written in Go itself. Awesome.

version pattern vMAJOR.MINOR.PATCH.yyyymmddhhmmss-abcdefabcdef

https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/Modules#gomod

// go.mod

module github.com/juanitofatas/lib-go/v2

go 1.15.2

require (
  github.com/stretchr/testify v1.6.1
)

go.sum is not a lockfile. go.sum is a record to make sure modules not being modified by checking its checksum.